Citrus fruits, which we now consider an essential part of our diet, have ancient origins and a fascinating history. Before oranges, mandarins and lemons filled our fruit bowls, there was one citrus fruit that marked the beginning of this relationship in Europe: the citron.
The citron, the pioneer among European citrus fruits
The citron (Citrus medica) It was the first citrus fruit to arrive in Europe, approximately in the year 300 BC, probably brought from Persia or India via Greek and Roman trade routes. Unlike the oranges and lemons we know today, citron is grown mainly for its thick, aromatic peel, not for its juice.
This fruit played an important role in both ancient medicine and religious rituals, being prized for its digestive properties and intense aroma.
The arrival of bitter and sweet orange trees
During the Middle Ages, Muslims introduced the bitter orange tree (Citrus aurantium), highly valued for its ornamental, medicinal and perfumery uses. It was not until the 15th century when, became popular, the Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), originating in Asia, thanks to trade with Eastern countries.
Its milder, more pleasant flavour was key to its spread throughout Europe and, centuries later, to its becoming the predominant variety grown in areas such as the Valencian Community.
Mandarines i pomelos: les incorporacions més recents
Contrary to popular belief, mandarins did not arrive in Europe until the 19th century, while the grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) appeared even later, in the 20th century. This makes them the ‘youngest’ citrus fruits in our food culture, despite their current popularity.
Cocalni and Valencia's citrus heritage
At Cocalni, a cooperative with decades of experience, we feel part of this history. Growing citrus fruits in Valencia is not just an agricultural activity: it is part of a tradition that began more than two thousand years ago, when the citron first arrived on European soil.
Learning about this evolution not only enriches our knowledge, but also strengthens our connection with a fruit that has travelled from distant lands to become a hallmark of our region.
